Which symptoms should a nurse assess for in superior vena cava syndrome?

In superior vena cava syndrome, the nurse should specifically assess for facial swelling and difficulty breathing, as these symptoms are directly related to the obstruction of blood flow in the superior vena cava. When this major vein is compressed or obstructed, blood cannot effectively return from the head, neck, and upper body to the heart, leading to a buildup of blood in these areas. This results in noticeable edema, especially in the face, neck, and upper extremities, contributing to the swelling.

Additionally, difficulty breathing stems from the accumulation of blood and potential pressure on the surrounding structures, which can lead to respiratory distress. These symptoms are critical indicators of superior vena cava syndrome and require prompt assessment and intervention to alleviate the obstruction and manage the patient's condition effectively.

The other symptoms listed, such as chest pain, nausea, fever, chills, skin rashes, and itching, may be associated with other medical conditions but are not hallmark signs of superior vena cava syndrome. They do not specifically indicate the distress caused by venous obstruction in the upper body, which is central to the diagnosis and management of this syndrome.