Which symptom might suggest a patient is experiencing a side effect from opioid medications?

Constipation is a well-documented side effect of opioid medications and is often observed due to the way opioids affect the gastrointestinal system. Opioids bind to receptors in the gut, which slows down peristalsis (the waves of muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract) and can lead to decreased bowel movements and increased difficulty in passing stools. Patients on long-term opioid therapy frequently report constipation as a significant issue. Recognizing this symptom is crucial for healthcare providers in managing patient comfort and preventing complications associated with chronic constipation, such as fecal impaction.

In contrast, increased energy, improved appetite, and clear skin are generally not associated with opioid use. Opioids often cause sedation and can lead to a decrease in appetite, making these options less relevant when considering the side effects associated with opioid medications.