What potential risk factor should be monitored when a patient is prescribed glucocorticoids for a prolonged period?

The correct answer regarding the potential risk factor to monitor when a patient is prescribed glucocorticoids for an extended period is the adrenal crisis upon discontinuation. Glucocorticoids can suppress the natural production of cortisol by the adrenal glands. When these steroids are used for a prolonged duration, the body may become reliant on the external source of cortisol, leading to adrenal atrophy. If glucocorticoids are suddenly discontinued after long-term use, the adrenal glands may not be able to produce adequate cortisol to meet the body's demands, potentially resulting in an adrenal crisis, which is a life-threatening condition characterized by symptoms such as severe fatigue, dizziness, low blood pressure, and loss of consciousness.

Thus, it is crucial for healthcare providers to taper the dosage of glucocorticoids gradually rather than stopping them abruptly, to allow the adrenal glands time to recover their normal function and prevent such a critical situation. Monitoring for signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency is therefore essential in patients who have been on long-term glucocorticoid therapy.