What is the main purpose of using radiation therapy in oncology?

The primary purpose of radiation therapy in oncology is to destroy cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation therapy works by targeting and damaging the DNA of cancer cells, which hinders their ability to grow and reproduce. This treatment can be used as a curative approach, aiming to eliminate cancer or reduce the size of tumors before surgical intervention. It may also be employed in conjunction with other forms of treatment, such as chemotherapy or immunotherapy, to enhance overall effectiveness.

While tissue healing, enhancing the immune response, and providing pain relief are important aspects of cancer treatment and patient care, they are not the main objectives of radiation therapy itself. Tissue healing is often a result of successful treatment rather than a direct goal of radiation. Enhancing immune response tends to be the focus of immunotherapies, and addressing pain is typically managed through palliative care or pain management strategies, rather than through radiation therapy as a primary intent. Thus, the justification for using radiation principally revolves around its ability to directly target and eliminate cancerous cells.