What is the main purpose of a central venous catheter in oncology treatment?

The main purpose of a central venous catheter in oncology treatment is to administer chemotherapy and draw blood while minimizing vein irritation. Chemotherapy drugs are often highly irritating to the veins, and using a central venous catheter helps to prevent damage to smaller peripheral veins that might occur with repeated injections or infusions.

Central venous catheters are placed in larger veins, which can accommodate the flow of these potent medications more safely and effectively. They also allow healthcare providers to access the bloodstream for blood draws without having to stick the patient multiple times, which is particularly beneficial in patients who may have compromised venous access due to previous treatments or the nature of their illness.

Other options do not align with the primary function of central venous catheters in oncology. For example, while nutrition delivery is an important aspect of patient care, it is typically managed with separate specialized devices known as central parenteral nutrition (CPN) setups, rather than through standard central venous catheters. Administering oral medications does not require a central line, as they can be taken by mouth. Quicker discharge from the hospital may be a benefit of having a central venous catheter for ongoing outpatient treatment, but it is not the main purpose of the catheter itself